Electronic paper technology has found its main application in the development of e-book readers, a market that has bloomed in recent years with successful devices such as the Amazon Kindle and the Barns & Noble Nook. The market for e-paper displays will reach over $8.5 Billion by 2022, as forecasted by IDTechEx.

What the future holds for e-readers remains to be seen. New technologies and devices are being developed/ launched and there is stiff competition from similar devices such as tablet computers that can offer consumers alternatives with added functionality. This highlights the need for new markets to be identified, in order for electronic paper devices to continue enjoying the growth witnessed in the years since their initial launch.

The commercial success of the Amazon Kindle e-reader and the lesser yet still quite substantial uptake of e-book readers such as the iRex iLIad or the SONY PRS family have sparked up a large interest in e-paper display technologies.

E-paper displays mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. Unlike conventional flat panel displays, it doesn't require a backlight to illuminate its pixels as it reflects light like paper does and can hold text and images indefinitely without drawing power. Usually, most versions can also be flexible, thinner and more robust than other display technologies.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

List of Tables

1.1. Market forecasts by technology 2012-2022 
1.2. Market forecasts by application 2012-2022 
2.1. Main factors driving the rapid growth of electronic smart packaging 
10.1. e-reader market growth: revenues for display modules, low growth forecast scenario 
10.2. e-reader market growth: revenues for display modules, intermediate growth forecast scenario 
10.3. e-reader market growth: revenues for display modules, high growth forecast scenario 
10.4. e-reader market growth: e-reader units sold for the low growth and high growth scenarios 
11.1. Market forecasts by technology 2012-2022 
11.2. Market Forecasts for electronic paper and the market share for color electronic paper 2012-2022 
11.3. Electrophoretic displays market forecasts 2012-2022 
11.4. Electrochromic displays market forecasts 2012-2022 
11.5. Market forecasts by application 2012-2022 

List of Figures

1.1. Market forecasts by technology 2012-2022 
1.2. Market forecasts by application 2012-2022 
2.1. Zero- and low-power e-paper display technologies 
2.2. Printed Electronics Applications 
2.3. Flexible devices offer advantages in terms of consumer satisfaction 
2.4. Samsung Alias™ 2 
2.5. Reprogrammable electrophoretic decoration on Hitachi mobile phones only needs power when being changed 
2.6. T-equaliser animated t-shirt 
2.7. An example of the display on a billboard picture in use in London 
2.8. Duracell batteries/Avery Dennison tester 
2.9. Cloetta 
2.10. VTT Technology beer package game 
3.1. Electronic ink microcapsules 
3.2. EPD pixel appearance 
3.3. Retail Shelf Edge Labels from UPM 
3.4. Secondary display on a cell phone 
3.5. Samsung Alias™ 2 
3.6. SEIKO E-Ink watch 
3.7. Lexar portable USB flash drive 
3.8. World's first display on a magazine cover 
3.9. Microcup Structure 
3.10. Sipix Roll-to-Roll micro embossing process 
3.11. Embosser mold and embossed microcups 
3.12. Structure of Sipix e-paper 
3.13. Electrophoretic display on a commercially sold financial card 
3.14. SD card from A Data with a Sipix display 
3.15. Sipix Clock 
3.16. Schematic of the features of Electronic Liquid Powder™ 
3.17. Bridgestone e-paper price tag 
3.18. Bridgestone fully bendable electronic paper 
3.19. Relationship between radius of curvature and reflectivity in the states of black and white in flexible QR-ELP™ 
3.20. Roll to roll processing steps for Bridgestone's e-paper display 
3.21. Flexible Full Color QR-LPD 
4.1. Example of a droplet contracting and relaxing 
4.2. Water droplets on hydrophobic surface (a) without and (b) with voltage applied 
4.3. Electrowetting display principle 
4.4. Comparison of power consumption for a variety of video displays 
4.5. The concept of the "future of electronic paper" according to Liquavista 
4.6. Excellent viewing angles in TFT backplanes and backlights 
4.7. Flow chart of the manufacture process 
4.8. adt electrowetting displays 
4.9. EnOcean wireless switch 
5.1. Pixel detail on the Mirasol display 
5.2. Qualcomm Mirasol e-reader 
5.3. KENT Displays' Reflex™ LCD 
5.4. Kent Displays Boogie Board 
5.5. Color LCD by photo alignment 
5.6. Color printable flexible LCD 
5.7. TRED's EMD technology 
5.8. Principle of operation for Nemoptic's BiNem technology 
5.9. A4 e-paper display 
6.1. Electrochromic display on a Valentine's card sold by Marks and Spencer in the UK in 2004 and electrochromic display with drive circuits in a laminate for smart cards 
6.2. Ntera Display 
6.3. The dollhouse. When energy is added to the system the color of the wallpaper changes and a picture appears on the wall 
6.4. Two state electrolytic display on paper 
6.5. Seven segment display printed with bi-stable inks 
6.6. Aveso electrochromic display 
7.1. Glass e-book backplane 
7.2. Field shielded pixels 
7.3. TFT design 
7.4. Glass e-Book module making 
7.5. THE EPLaR process 
7.6. TFT DC stability 
7.7. Mobilities on glass, EPLaR before release & EPLaR after release 
7.8. 9.7'' and 6'' flexible e-paper displays by PVI 
7.9. Photograph of a 9.7" EPLaR display 
7.10. A4 size Flexible Color e-paper 
7.11. Cross section of LG's e-paper display 
7.12. 19in flexible e-paper developed by LG Display 
7.13. Seiko Epson e-reader 
7.14. A3 and A4 e-paper displays 
7.15. The Readius by Polymer Vision 
7.16. A Polymer Vision display 
7.17. Display Processing Steps 
8.1. Comparison of electrophoretic/electrofluidic display performance in color and grayscale 
8.2. Duracell battery tester 
8.3. Interactive game on a beer package by VTT Technologies in Finland 
8.4. Citala's flexible display technology 
8.5. Citala's technological advantages 
8.6. APD technology flexible display 
8.7. Edge encapsulation of an electrophoretic display with adhesive (blue). The DELO adhesive can be cured through the UV-blocked barrier layer (glass, PET, PEN, etc.) by means of visible light. 
8.8. Selection of different development products 
8.9. Example for the flexibility of a cured adhesive film with a thickness of 150μm (no substrate, just adhesive) 
9.1. Kindle and Kindle 2 
9.2. Amazon Kindle 3 
9.3. Kindle DX 
9.4. Effect of 16 level grayscale and smoothing algorithm on text display 
9.5. The Barnes & Noble Nook 
9.6. The Fujitsu FLEPia 
9.7. The FLEPia Lite 
9.8. Digital Reader and Iliad by iRex Technologies 
9.9. The device uses an ink display and incorporates a touch screen 
9.10. The SONY LIBRI 
9.11. Brother Industries large area e-reader 
9.12. Hanvon Technology claims the world's first 5" Electronic Book series 
10.1. e-reader market growth: revenues for display modules, three different forecast scenarios described 
10.2. e-reader market growth: e-reader units sold for the low growth and high growth scenarios 
11.1. Market forecasts by technology 2012-2022 
11.2. Market Forecasts for electronic paper and the market share for full color electronic paper 2012-2022 
11.3. Electrophoretic displays market forecasts 2012-2022 
11.4. Electrochromic displays market forecasts 2012-2022 
11.5. Market forecasts by application 2012-2022 
11.6. Component cost breakdown for the Amazon Kindle 2